The German army is about to get bigger. Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen announced on Tuesday that she was scrapping the old 185,000 cap on the number of troops in the Bundeswehr to create a more flexible military force.
The move marks a reversal of the shrinking of Germany’s armed forces, which has lasted 25 years since the country reunified in 1990. Von der Leyen announced on Tuesday that on top of the recent increase in the defense budget – from 34.3 to 39.2 billion euros ($49.1 – $44.7 billion) by 2020 – Germany would also add some 7,000 new troops to its military – and an additional 14,300 soldiers over the next seven years.
“The Bundeswehr is under pressure to modernize in all areas,” von der Leyen said. “We have to get away from the process of permanent shrinking.”
The number of Bundeswehr soldiers has dropped steadily since the highpoint of 585,000 in the mid-80s to the current number: 177,000. The number of civilian military personnel has more than halved, dropping from 215,000 to 87,000.
Needing new soldiers
The new plan also represents a reversal of the policies implemented by the last two German defense ministers, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg and Thomas de Maiziere, who presided over major personnel and equipment cuts.
Von der Leyen insisted that her plan was a necessary adaptation to modern pressures with an emphasis on new challenges, such as migration across the Mediterranean (the German military has sent boats to stop people traffickers) – as well as 16 separate foreign missions.
The army association, the Bundeswehrverband, welcomed the new move, but regretted that it had come so late. “As far as personnel is concerned, it’s long overdue,” its chief André Wüstner told news agency DPA. “It’s only regrettable that now a lot of money has to be spent advertising for all the skilled labor for the Bundeswehr that had to be pushed out of the Bundeswehr for cost-cutting reasons.”
The new plan also found support from the junior coalition partner in Germany’s governing coalition, the Social Democratic Party. The SPD’s defense policy spokesman Rainer Arnold described the increase in personnel as “unavoidable.”
Opposition criticism
But the political goodwill was not universal. Left Party defense spokeswoman Christine Buchholz said her party rejected the proposals, arguing that Germany did not need new soldiers. “Unlike what the grand coalition would like us to believe, the Bundeswehr is not being cut down,” she said in a statement. “In fact the military budget has increased by around a third in the last 15 years.” (According to Germany’s official statistics, the defense budget rose from 30.55 billion euros in 2000 to 35.52 billion euros in 2015, although this figure is not adjusted for inflation, which actually would make it about the same.
Buchholz argues that the reason why the German army is lacking personnel is because von der Leyen is sending more and more troops to the eastern end of NATO territory, to man the front against Russia. “That doesn’t contribute to peace, but to increased tensions,” she said. “The problem is not the size of the army, but its fundamentally wrong focus.”
Agnieszka Brugger, defense spokeswoman for the Greens, made similar noises, describing von der Leyen’s plans as “completely utopian.”
“The defense minister has failed to tackle the Bundeswehr’s structural problems,” Brugger said. “Now she’s desperately trying to hide her mistakes with more money and equipment. This delay tactic won’t work and will only increase the problems.”
Brugger also says it is not even clear where the military is supposed to get the new personnel from, given the “demographic change” in Germany. Ever since Germany abolished conscription in 2011, the army has struggled to recruit new soldiers. “Clear security focuses, fewer operations and corrections in the planning management would be much more suitable measures to provide the necessary relief of pressure on the Bundeswehr,” she said.
Von der Leyen’s new military concept also involves extending periods of service, but finding technical specialists – such as engineers and computer technicians – is likely to remain a problem because the army has to compete with private firms.
As part of her new plan, von der Leyen has also committed to informing the parliament of personnel shortages every year.
