Will latest F-35 problems push Norway towards a European solution?

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Ryttare

New Member
I might stand corrected, though factual confirmation seems to elude my sources at the moment.



Quite true, however the F414 is not interchangable with the RM12. It has a different engine mount, a larger diameter fan and low pressure turbine and is heavier. It will require substantial redesign of the engine bay, inlets, undercarriage and load bearing structures to accomodate the increased thrust, airflow, fuel and weight while maintaining growth potential. It's an extensive task compared to an already well known upgrade programme.


Regards,
Bjørnar

As I have already said, an existing JAS 39B Gripen will fly next year with a F414G engine which indicates that the changes needed are not very big. That also confirms what I have heard elsewhere.

The plans for increased thrust has existed from very early in the development of Gripen, whithin the upgrade path outlined already at the start of the program. The requirements for incorporating increased thrust in the airframe was pretty well known already at that stage.
 

energo

Member
As I have already said, an existing JAS 39B Gripen will fly next year with a F414G engine which indicates that the changes needed are not very big. That also confirms what I have heard elsewhere.

The plans for increased thrust has existed from very early in the development of Gripen, whithin the upgrade path outlined already at the start of the program. The requirements for incorporating increased thrust in the airframe was pretty well known already at that stage.
Perhaps, but the risks involved are non-negligible. Either way if growth is fulfilled within the initial design parameters it translates into less potential for future growth, which is not a favourable situation for a weapons system required to operate towards 2050 or even beyond. That's really the Gripens main problem: by the time it would enter norwegian service it would already be a dated system. It will either have shorter effective life span or require more extensive upgrades in the future, some of which will be very difficult - if not impossible - to implement, like stealth.


Regards,
Bjørnar
 
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Ryttare

New Member
Perhaps, but the risks involved are non-negligible. Either way if growth is fulfilled within the initial design parameters it translates into less potential for future growth, which is not a favourable situation for a weapons system required to operate towards 2050 or even beyond. That's really the Gripens main problem: by the time it would enter norwegian service it would already be a dated system. It will either have shorter effective life span or require more extensive upgrades in the future, some of which will be very difficult - if not impossible - to implement, like stealth.


Regards,
Bjørnar
There is always a choice between proven designs and totally new ones. Gripen is the proven design, but it's also made to be easy to upgrade through it's modular design. By using much COTS it's possible to upgrade with relatively cheap and proven technology.

And what would be much more modern than Gripen at induction to Norwegian Air Force? Only F-35 would be a significantly newer and what should be so modern about it? It's planned avionics are more modern than todays Gripen, but Gripen can have similar avionics at that time. One much advertised feature of F-35 has been it's HMD, but that is available for Gripen already today.

Whats left is stealth, but how long before advances in technology makes the structural stealth of JSF obsolete? Would you bet on that it will be meaningful all way until 2050? I wouldn't. Whats left of F-35 without stelth is a slow bomb truck. And how about today, there the risk of a WW3 is pretty low and instead the matter is air and sea policing, the use for stealth is quite questionable.
 

energo

Member
There is always a choice between proven designs and totally new ones. Gripen is the proven design, but it's also made to be easy to upgrade through it's modular design. By using much COTS it's possible to upgrade with relatively cheap and proven technology.

And what would be much more modern than Gripen at induction to Norwegian Air Force? Only F-35 would be a significantly newer and what should be so modern about it? It's planned avionics are more modern than todays Gripen, but Gripen can have similar avionics at that time. One much advertised feature of F-35 has been it's HMD, but that is available for Gripen already today.

Whats left is stealth, but how long before advances in technology makes the structural stealth of JSF obsolete? Would you bet on that it will be meaningful all way until 2050? I wouldn't. Whats left of F-35 without stelth is a slow bomb truck. And how about today, there the risk of a WW3 is pretty low and instead the matter is air and sea policing, the use for stealth is quite questionable.
You plan your army for war, not peace. Stealth will be a crucial factor after 2020 and non-stealthy weapons will always be at a disadvantage compared to their stealthy counterparts, irrespectively of the type of conflict or mission.

The F-35, for the better part of the envelope, is as least as agile as the EF or Gripen and has a much better potential for growth. It will feature a better avionics suite and greater level of processing power and sensor fusion than the latter two. The EF will potentially have a longer range radar, but in terms of combat engagements the F-35's stealth characteristics will make it far more capable.

You have valid points, but it is the timeframes of the norwegian and swedish requirements which do not match. Looking into the future at what the russians will field close to the norwegian borders it is apparent that we need the best technology available. We can not win on numbers so we opt for quality. The Gripen N really doesn't offer much beyond what the latests F-16 derivates already are flying with, and from any perspective we can not get around the fact that the americans are a decade or more ahead of the europeans in terms of aircraft technology, while still offering this at a competitive price.

The prospects of industry collaboration is intrigueing, but a bigger defence industry is not necessarily what the common people or the red-green political wing here in norway wants. In any case such a venture will always be a matter of trying to stay ahead of the russians and catching up to the americans while compromising our own defensive capability towards an equally capable foe, fielding larger numbers. It's not a good position when your primary objective is simply to defend your own sovereignty.

One can see a certain amount of irony in our socialist political wing's more pro-european stance: buying european, and thus less capable technology, will possibly make us more dependant on NATO and the americans in case of a conflict.


Regards,
Bjørnar Bolsøy
 
A

Aussie Digger

Guest
There is always a choice between proven designs and totally new ones. Gripen is the proven design, but it's also made to be easy to upgrade through it's modular design. By using much COTS it's possible to upgrade with relatively cheap and proven technology.
And what would be much more modern than Gripen at induction to Norwegian Air Force? Only F-35 would be a significantly newer and what should be so modern about it? It's planned avionics are more modern than todays Gripen, but Gripen can have similar avionics at that time. One much advertised feature of F-35 has been it's HMD, but that is available for Gripen already today.
Really. How many operational AESA fighter level radar systems has SAAB produced?

How many EO/IR targetting systems has SAAB produced, and how many of the quality of the Sniper XR pod, that the F-35 EOTS system WILL be an improvement on?

They are going to match or exceed what Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman have achieved already, from scratch, within 7-10 years eh? Good luck with that...

Whats left is stealth, but how long before advances in technology makes the structural stealth of JSF obsolete? Would you bet on that it will be meaningful all way until 2050? I wouldn't. Whats left of F-35 without stelth is a slow bomb truck. And how about today, there the risk of a WW3 is pretty low and instead the matter is air and sea policing, the use for stealth is quite questionable.
Er no, quite a bit more than that as I've already pointed out and I've barely scratched the surface.

What technology exactly is going to make "stealth" obsolete?

There will be incremental improvements in sensor capability over time at best. Do you think it impossible that the LO reduction measures on "stealth" fighters, won't improve too?

As for the F-35's performance, it is anything but slow. This is particularly true if you take "operational configurations" into account as opposed to clean airframes, which is a useless measure of an aircraft's "performance".

Take a proper look at some of it's features, 43000lbs or more of engine thrust, "clean" airframe in operational configuration (don't forget all that drag Gripen has carrying external stores, along with it's RCS increases thanks to those same stores), large internal fuel fraction (particularly compared to the Gripen, but even when compared to nearly all other fighters available today, more fuel equals more reheat time afterall), a very light airframe when considered in relation to the amount of internal fuel it carries. The list goes on and on, but I suspect even this info could make you think again about the aircraft being "slow".

As for it being a "bomb truck". Well, 6x internal AAM capability (eventually), HMD's and "HOBS" heaters fired from an internal weapons bay, a 3rd (or 4th depending on your POV) generation AESA radar, excellent networking, EW and IRST capabilities all combined with it's good LO properties and good physical performance means it will be a superb air to air fighter, probably second only to the F-22, when the whole of it's capability is assessed.

It will also be very good at dropping bombs, being the only tactical fighter in the world that can carry 2000lbs class munitions in it's internal bays, as well as externally if necessary.

Maritime strike you say? Australia and several other countries are actively investigating including an anti-ship weapon for their F-35's as a "base-line" weapon. One particular weapon, the NSM, or JSM may even be carried internally. Certainly JSOW will and there is a definite maritime strike capability planned for the JSOW's future...
 
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khg

New Member
Hello everybody
I just sought that this article has some bearing on the latest discussion in this thread.

Radical and Cheap Anti-Stealth Radar

Aviation Week's DTI | Bill Sweetman | December 06, 2007
This article first appeared in Aviation Week's Ares weblog.

Details of a formerly secret project to defend Swedish airspace against stealthy cruise missiles using a radical but inexpensive radar system were revealed at a conference in Oslo this week. The Associative Aperture Synthesis Radar (AASR) was approaching the hardware-test stage when it was cancelled in 2000 after eight years of work -- because there was no imminent cruise-missile threat any more. It has only recently been declassified and this was one of the first open, formal briefings on the project.

The AASR was designed to take advantage of the principle that a target's bistatic radar cross section -- where the radar receiver and transmitter are in different places -- may be affected minimally or not at all by stealth measures aimed at conventional radars. In particular, it exploits the "shadow" RCS behind the target, which depends entirely on the target's geometrical cross-section. The radar was also designed to operate in the UHF band where radar absorbent material (RAM) is less effective.
Developer Hans Hellsten of Saab Microwave Systems told the conference that the AASR used a number of novel techniques. Each transmitter would transmit on stepped frequencies so that receivers could tell where a signal came from. This made it possible to determine the length of the signal path, so that if a signal was picked up at several nodes it was possible to determine the target's location precisely.

One disadvantage: the transmitter and receiver had to be on opposite sides of the target, so it could not be detected until it had entered the defended airspace. To get around that problem and still intercept targets in a timely manner, Swedish planners expected to exploit the system's accuracy -- it could locate targets within 1.5 m -- and command-guide a high-speed missile on to the target.

But because the system used range rather than bearing to locate its targets, the antennas did not need to have accurate bearing resolution. Also, the system's use of UHF, its independence from target RCS and the fact that bistatic systems have long pulse times meant that the necessary power was modest.

The result was a price that caused sharp intakes of breath among the delegates. Each of the 900 nodes was expected to cost no more than 1 million Swedish kroner (about $156,000) and the entire system would be in the 1 billion kroner ($156 million) realm -- pretty much chickenfeed by defense standards.

Moreover, trying to destroy an air defense radar with 900 distributed apertures is an exercise in futility. The grid pattern does not have to be continuous, and the designers intended to emplace the modules using the same techniques that are used to locate cell phone base stations.

We've seen many anti-stealth ideas come and go over the years, such as the UK's cell-phone radar concept or the Russian Nagira high-powered radar. But AASR is the first advertised system-level attack on stealth to emerge from a full-up combat radar house -- and these are the people -- the former Ericsson Microwave, acquired by Saab in June 2006 -- who produced the world's first airborne AESA and notched up a number of other firsts over the years.


Best regards KHG
 

Ryttare

New Member
Really. How many operational AESA fighter level radar systems has SAAB produced?
Eriksson Microwave, now Saab Microwave, has developed the worlds first AESA AEW&C, the Erieye that became operational 1997 and has been bought by Sweden, Brazil, Mexico, Greece, Pakistan and Thailand. That Saab will be able to take that experience to develop an AESA for Gripen together with Selex is no big gamble.

How many EO/IR targetting systems has SAAB produced, and how many of the quality of the Sniper XR pod, that the F-35 EOTS system WILL be an improvement on?
Gripen does not have the payload constraints of F-35 and any operator can buy the targeting pod of their choice. If any buyer still would want an integrated equipment it doesn't need to be developed by Saab itself

They are going to match or exceed what Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman have achieved already, from scratch, within 7-10 years eh? Good luck with that...
I said similar avionics, not exatly the same, and what avionics do you think Gripen will be lacking compared to Gripen? And when is F-35 to get the same datalink capability that Gripen already has?

Er no, quite a bit more than that as I've already pointed out and I've barely scratched the surface.

What technology exactly is going to make "stealth" obsolete?

There will be incremental improvements in sensor capability over time at best. Do you think it impossible that the LO reduction measures on "stealth" fighters, won't improve too?
Anyone who believes there will not come any new radar technology that will make the F-35 stealth worthless is pretty illusional. Of course there will come better RAM coatings, and they can be used on all fighters, not only F-35. They will actually have better effect on "legacy" fighters and will reduce the difference in RCS.

As for the F-35's performance, it is anything but slow. This is particularly true if you take "operational configurations" into account as opposed to clean airframes, which is a useless measure of an aircraft's "performance".

Take a proper look at some of it's features, 43000lbs or more of engine thrust, "clean" airframe in operational configuration (don't forget all that drag Gripen has carrying external stores, along with it's RCS increases thanks to those same stores), large internal fuel fraction (particularly compared to the Gripen, but even when compared to nearly all other fighters available today, more fuel equals more reheat time afterall), a very light airframe when considered in relation to the amount of internal fuel it carries. The list goes on and on, but I suspect even this info could make you think again about the aircraft being "slow".

As for it being a "bomb truck". Well, 6x internal AAM capability (eventually), HMD's and "HOBS" heaters fired from an internal weapons bay, a 3rd (or 4th depending on your POV) generation AESA radar, excellent networking, EW and IRST capabilities all combined with it's good LO properties and good physical performance means it will be a superb air to air fighter, probably second only to the F-22, when the whole of it's capability is assessed.

It will also be very good at dropping bombs, being the only tactical fighter in the world that can carry 2000lbs class munitions in it's internal bays, as well as externally if necessary.
Static uninstalled thrust witout considering engine optimisation and aerodynamics does not say much about speed.

F-35 will be a slow bomb truck simply because that is what has been ordered. The USAF doesn't need a fast A2A fighter, it already has the Raptor, USN first priority is to get better range than the Hornets and USMC is only interested in CAS. It is difficult enough to try to fulfill the wishes of three different branches, getting more than they ask for is not possible.

Maritime strike you say? Australia and several other countries are actively investigating including an anti-ship weapon for their F-35's as a "base-line" weapon. One particular weapon, the NSM, or JSM may even be carried internally. Certainly JSOW will and there is a definite maritime strike capability planned for the JSOW's future...

I didn't say anything in my last posting about maritime strike, but Gripen is originally designed with anti shipping in mind and is already operational in that role. Any customer only has to integrate the missile of choice.

There is no interest from the US for dedicated anti shipping and any customers would have to pay for that themselves with the money left after cost overruns.
That are being "investigated" you say? Very reassuring...:rolleyes:
 

Ryttare

New Member
You plan your army for war, not peace. Stealth will be a crucial factor after 2020 and non-stealthy weapons will always be at a disadvantage compared to their stealthy counterparts, irrespectively of the type of conflict or mission.

The F-35, for the better part of the envelope, is as least as agile as the EF or Gripen and has a much better potential for growth. It will feature a better avionics suite and greater level of processing power and sensor fusion than the latter two. The EF will potentially have a longer range radar, but in terms of combat engagements the F-35's stealth characteristics will make it far more capable.
There is a lot of sweeping arguments here, could you try to back it up?

You have valid points, but it is the timeframes of the norwegian and swedish requirements which do not match. Looking into the future at what the russians will field close to the norwegian borders it is apparent that we need the best technology available. We can not win on numbers so we opt for quality. The Gripen N really doesn't offer much beyond what the latests F-16 derivates already are flying with, and from any perspective we can not get around the fact that the americans are a decade or more ahead of the europeans in terms of aircraft technology, while still offering this at a competitive price.

The prospects of industry collaboration is intrigueing, but a bigger defence industry is not necessarily what the common people or the red-green political wing here in norway wants. In any case such a venture will always be a matter of trying to stay ahead of the russians and catching up to the americans while compromising our own defensive capability towards an equally capable foe, fielding larger numbers. It's not a good position when your primary objective is simply to defend your own sovereignty.

One can see a certain amount of irony in our socialist political wing's more pro-european stance: buying european, and thus less capable technology, will possibly make us more dependant on NATO and the americans in case of a conflict.


Regards,
Bjørnar Bolsøy
First, as I said, it's not sure that the F-35 will be competitive longer than Gripen. But even if it would be, the difference in price and costs would give Norway plent of money left to purchase a replacement at 2040. That would be at the same time as SwAF has planned to replace todays Gripens at the earliest.
 

energo

Member
There is a lot of sweeping arguments here, could you try to back it up?
The F-35 features less than 1/10th RCS of the EF and Gripen.

For a combat layout with a comparible fuel fraction the F-35 will have a modest T/W advantage over the Gripen NG, tough the clean combat drag state with internal weapons and sensors will itself result in much better performance and futher reduced RCS.

All these planes are optimized for sub and transonic maneuvering and loiter, though the Gripen and EF will possibly have a better supersonic dash.

The F-35s has a bigger and more advanced AESA radar and I don't think the Gripen NG will have anything recembling the F-35s EOSS system and voice controlled panoramic cockpit layout, as well as the software and computing power to bring all these systems together.

First, as I said, it's not sure that the F-35 will be competitive longer than Gripen. But even if it would be, the difference in price and costs would give Norway plent of money left to purchase a replacement at 2040. That would be at the same time as SwAF has planned to replace todays Gripens at the earliest.
I think there's no question that the F-35 will enjoy a more comprehensive upgrade path and longevity. It's after all of a newer generation, has a larger airframe and is backed by the worlds largest air force and aerospace contractor.


Regards,
Bjørnar
 

metro

New Member
I just saw these two articles regarding how Israel is now planning on juggling their AF (cutting back on their F-35 order and upgrading their F-15s/16s...). They wanted/"needed" the F-35 yesterday (I know, go figure;) ), but I thought it's sort of interesting to hear the different rational each country has, going forward.

RE: F-22, I do believe it is on a case to case basis--nobody has made a good enough case, yet. I think the the Secretary of Defense has to go to Congress for approval and/or there might be a presidential waiver for "national security interests." But with $300B of just US tax $$ invested into the JSF, I doubt we're going to be putting the F-22 on sale anytime soon--or least not until someone else can get their foot into the door.


http://www.defense-update.com/newscast/1207/news/131207_israel_f35.htm

http://www.israel-canada.org/f35.pdf

Cheers
 

AGRA

Defense Professional
Verified Defense Pro
Sure stealth vs radar is going to be a long drawn out battle of counter measure and counter counter measure. But assuming stealth is going to be made obsolete is nonsense. Look at the two types of radar able to trak stealth aircraft, OTH and AASR. OTH requires massive fixed arrays and can only track B-2s because it looks down on the aircraft with long wavelengths, a requirement that was not included in the original stealth plans. AASR requires arrays in front of and behind the target! Which is about as sensible and survivable in combat as bringing back the Redcoat for infantry. Which is why the Swedes only thought of this radar as an anti-cruise missile system.

Anti-radar stealth relies on two principles: reducing reflectivity in likely threat directions through careful design of the outer mould line of the aircraft and using radar absorbing materials (RAM). Legacy aircraft like the Gripen and Typhoon lack design for reduced reflectivity except in a few key areas. When combined with RAM this can provide 1/100 of a frontal aspect radar cross section (RCS) as in the F/A-18E/F vs the Su-27/30. But even reducing RCS by 99%, while tactically significant, is not true stealth. Aircraft like the F-35 will have even lower RCS and it will be also from side and rear angles. Combined with the latest RAM (though the US is likely pass on degraded versions of RAM to partners and importers, depending on how they align to the US) this will provide a very low observable aircraft.

We are already seeing F-22As in visual range of other aircraft who’s radars can’t track it. This kind of capability is decisive in air battles. The F-22s and F-35s will be able to see you over their data links with feeds from airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) platforms and you won’t be able to see them with your radars. The results will be hugely one-sided.

This is why customers are happy to sign up to the risk of the JSF program rather than buying less risky Gripens and Typhoons now.
 

AGRA

Defense Professional
Verified Defense Pro
RE: F-22, I do believe it is on a case to case basis--nobody has made a good enough case, yet. I think the the Secretary of Defense has to go to Congress for approval and/or there might be a presidential waiver for "national security interests." But with $300B of just US tax $$ invested into the JSF, I doubt we're going to be putting the F-22 on sale anytime soon--or least not until someone else can get their foot into the door.
Part of it as well is the potential F-22 customers aren’t making very strong cases for it. Sure the F-22 is in production now but wait 5-10 years and you can buy F-35s which can do everything the F-22 can do for much less cost. Especially since the F-22s much lauded supercruise capability has ended up almost a dud because of the internal fuel capacity cuts during the development process.

The Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) project established that a fuel fraction of 0.39 would be required to meet the required radius of 800 NM for supercruising. The YF-22 flew with 25,000 lbs to meet this range. The F-22A has emerged with a fuel fraction of 0.29 or 18,000 lbs of fuel so can only operate to a radius of 410 NM with supercruising. Otherwise it has to fly subsonic with only supersonic dashes to meet the required radius… Which BTW is not a supercruise capability…
 
A

Aussie Digger

Guest
Eriksson Microwave, now Saab Microwave, has developed the worlds first AESA AEW&C, the Erieye that became operational 1997 and has been bought by Sweden, Brazil, Mexico, Greece, Pakistan and Thailand. That Saab will be able to take that experience to develop an AESA for Gripen together with Selex is no big gamble.
Excellent. So again back to my original question, what exactly is their experience with integrating AESA arrays into fighter sized fire control radar systems?

It may not be a "big gamble" but it is a technology and engineering level they have not reached and have no "runs on the board" to demonstrate any particular competence in this field.

Thinking they'll equal or match a radar of the capability of the APG-81, a development of the "world beating" APG-77 which equips the F-22, their first time out, is pretty much wishful thinking in my view.



Gripen does not have the payload constraints of F-35 and any operator can buy the targeting pod of their choice. If any buyer still would want an integrated equipment it doesn't need to be developed by Saab itself
Payload constraints? Ah yes, the internal weapons bay thing...

I think you'll find the F-35 has a much larger payload lift capacity than the Gripen.

Not every buyer can buy "any" targetting pod of their choice. Look at Pantera. It's an export variant of Sniper XR. NOT the Sniper XR itself...


I said similar avionics, not exatly the same, and what avionics do you think Gripen will be lacking compared to Gripen? And when is F-35 to get the same datalink capability that Gripen already has?
Will it have an internal IRST and EO/IR targetting pod? Nope.

Will Gripen NG have an IR sensor system, mounted on a full 360 degrees around the airframe, giving the pilot the ability to "look" anywhere around his aircraft?

I don't believe so...

It won't have a radar of the capability of the APG-81.

I very much doubt the avionics as a whole will be as tightly integrated as they are reputed to be on the F-35.

There's quite a BIT of difference there...



Anyone who believes there will not come any new radar technology that will make the F-35 stealth worthless is pretty illusional. Of course there will come better RAM coatings, and they can be used on all fighters, not only F-35. They will actually have better effect on "legacy" fighters and will reduce the difference in RCS.
Yes. Lockheed Martin and the US are stupid. They have invested heavily in stealth technology, when a mere $150000 or so of investment is going to make their $billions worth of research into LO advancements "worthless"...

Tell me, when are active radar guided SAM and AAM's going to feature the radar capability to target an LO aircraft at long range?

That's where stealth TRULY comes into it's own. Knowing an aircraft is there, isn't much good when you STILL can't do anything about it, before they can fire their weapons at you...



Static uninstalled thrust witout considering engine optimisation and aerodynamics does not say much about speed.

F-35 will be a slow bomb truck simply because that is what has been ordered. The USAF doesn't need a fast A2A fighter, it already has the Raptor, USN first priority is to get better range than the Hornets and USMC is only interested in CAS. It is difficult enough to try to fulfill the wishes of three different branches, getting more than they ask for is not possible.
It won't be slow. The airframe design, clean operational configuration airframe, installed thrust and large internal fuel fraction will guarantee that.

Tell me, what exactly is the Gripen's maximum dash speed when it's carrying an external targetting pod, 2x AMRAAM and 2x 2000lbs class munitions, seeing as though "maximum" speed is apparently so important?

F-35 may in fact "supercruise" to a degree. I certainly don't think it will reach F-22 level of speeds, but mach 1.3 or 1.4 "dry thrust" cruise speeds in operational configuration are by no means out of the question.

Even if it doesn't it's transonic and "cruise speeds" will be identical to current generation fighters and I see no reason why on reheat it won't push high mach speeds. With all that fuel it will be able to use reheat for longer or more often than other fighters of the current generation, obviously at range penalties however.


I didn't say anything in my last posting about maritime strike, but Gripen is originally designed with anti shipping in mind and is already operational in that role. Any customer only has to integrate the missile of choice.

There is no interest from the US for dedicated anti shipping and any customers would have to pay for that themselves with the money left after cost overruns.
That are being "investigated" you say? Very reassuring...:rolleyes:
You did mention "air and sea" policing roles, and one would imagine that a maritime strike capability would be a pre-requisite for sea policing roles, unless you consider "policing" to maintain no response options???

So the USN is not interested in having it's primary strike aircraft of the future equipped with a maritime strike capability?

Please don't confuse those popular charts showing "baseline" weapons capabilities, with what customers may want long term. It is a development aircraft afterall and has a long way to go before any of these capabilities are operational...

BTW I do think the Gripen is a nice and capable little fighter. I just don't think it's anywhere near the class of the F-35.
 

Ozzy Blizzard

New Member
Eriksson Microwave, now Saab Microwave, has developed the worlds first AESA AEW&C, the Erieye that became operational 1997 and has been bought by Sweden, Brazil, Mexico, Greece, Pakistan and Thailand. That Saab will be able to take that experience to develop an AESA for Gripen together with Selex is no big gamble.
Making an AEW&C sized radar system is not the same as making a fighter sized system. I'm sure it will help, but it will not allow the sweeds to produce a system of the calibur of the AN/APG 81. An AESA's real capability does not lay in the array hardware itself, its the signal proscessor and the software that give the system its teeth, therefore just because you have an active array does not mean you have a system as capable as the AN/APG 77/79/81 series. Eurofighter fans continually make this mistake, sighting CAPTOR as the answer to the APG 79 just because they are both AESA's, when in reality its 1st gen vs 3rd gen.


Gripen does not have the payload constraints of F-35 and any operator can buy the targeting pod of their choice. If any buyer still would want an integrated equipment it doesn't need to be developed by Saab itself
Payload constraints? What, a dragy, LO compromising targeting pod? EOTS will be as (if not more) capable as any targeting pod on the market at IOC and beyond, Lightning, ATFLIR, Sniper whatever. As for payload being "constrained", AFAIK at IOC F35 will have more systems ready to fire than a new Gippen does now, and due to the external carriage capability, the only constraints the F35 will have on ordinance will be wether they are compatible with US avionics and hardpoints, the same constraints as Grippen, but with more suff ready to drop.



I said similar avionics, not exatly the same, and what avionics do you think Gripen will be lacking compared to Gripen? And when is F-35 to get the same datalink capability that Gripen already has?
Similar avionics? I dont think so bud. In addition to the AN/APG 81 and EOTS (which are both either not intalled or more capable than grippen's comperable systems), the F35 will have a 360 degree IR detection and track envilope provided by the DAS (Distributed Apature System). But the real difference lays in the EW/EWSP suite, 5th gen combat management system and HUI (human user interface), which will all be the worlds most advanced at IOC. The EW/EWSP suite includes a fully digital RWR (quite rare and not even on Typhoon), towed decoys, IRCM dispenser and a formidable offenceive electronic attack capability provided by the APG 81. The only system's that will be comperable at IOC will be on the F/A-18F Bk II and Rafale's spectra EW suite. All of these EW sub-systems are intergrated through the F35's fiber optic data buss and combat management system, whcih is only rivaled by the Rhinos', granting much better rates of information disimination, distribution and prioritization, reducing the workload on the pilot and aiding tactical desision making. This is all presented to the pilot through the most advanced and user freindly HUI anyware, which includes a voice command system (also on Typhoon) and a helmet mounted HUD, allowing information to be presented to the pilot when he is looking at any direction and providing the pilot with 360 degree FLIR imagry from the DAS (i.e. he can see through the floor). All of these systems, the heart of the platforms avionics suite are well ahead of grippens avionics capability, even though they both have a datalink.


Anyone who believes there will not come any new radar technology that will make the F-35 stealth worthless is pretty illusional. Of course there will come better RAM coatings, and they can be used on all fighters, not only F-35. They will actually have better effect on "legacy" fighters and will reduce the difference in RCS.
Any new technology is based on a physical principal, which is known and understood well before a working system is produced. Its a bit rich to state that some magical radar will be produced that will be the end of LO, when its prinicle isnt even known yet. The only 2 anti stealth radars that are known both have real problems when being used in an operational environment, and i am not aware of annother way (from an EM/physics perspective) for a radar to defeat stealth aircraft. Microwave radars are needed because of the acuuracy these systems provide, and these systems are the most vulnerable to current LO techniques. So will there be a new radar system that can defeat F35's type of LO characteristics, sure in the next 100 years, difinatly. But the real question is will such a system be operational in the F35's projected service life, or 30+ years??? i doubt it.

Static uninstalled thrust witout considering engine optimisation and aerodynamics does not say much about speed.
Your right, but the F135 is a very capable, low bypass 40000lb+ trust engine that, although is designed for subsonic cruise, will be very capable when reheating. It's design speed is mach 1.6+ which given its massive thrust potential and operational clean configeration is pretty much a given, and as fast as most strike fighters arround at the moment. But kinematic performance isnt dictated by flat out top spirnt speed, acceleration is just as inportant, and with the same % of internal fuel, F35 will be a better performer than Rafale (by thrust to weight ratio). However when you account for the same acutal weight of fuel, F35 will be a better performer than most commers considering its thrust potential and interal fuel capacity. So i'm not sure "slow" is the most apt lable, maybe in comparison to a Raptor, Typhoon opr Flanker, its top sprint may be a bit slower (its been rumored that F22's sprint speed is less than mach 2 and it's rare that a flanker would actually hit mach 2 in operational configuration, therefore Mach 1.7/8 isnt very far behind), but in overall kinematic performence it's no slouch.

F-35 will be a slow bomb truck simply because that is what has been ordered. The USAF doesn't need a fast A2A fighter, it already has the Raptor, USN first priority is to get better range than the Hornets and USMC is only interested in CAS. It is difficult enough to try to fulfill the wishes of three different branches, getting more than they ask for is not possible.
The US didnt want a bomb truck, they have the B1b and '52 for that. What they wanted was a strike fighter, hence the name Joint Strike Fighter, which includes air superiority, anyway the F35C will be the USN's primary air superiority fighter and it is identical incapability to the USAF's F35A. But stating what the different arms of the US military have or want in simple terms reveals nothing on the F35's air superiority capability. Considering the fact that in the post veitnam era 95% of combat has been BVR perhaps we should have a look at the F35's BVR capability? IMO the 3 major factors in BVR are 1) your Radar/Missile combination and RCS, because it dictates your ability to see and engage (F35 is second only to the F22 in this reguard, and is head and sholders above the rest). 2) Your EW/EWSP suite because of its effect on number 1 (at IOC F35 will be arguiably the most fighter anyware in this respect, with only Rafale and Rhino being comparable). 3) kinematics, the ability to move and improve you tactical position. (F35 is behind Flanker, Typhoon and Raptor in this respect but comperable to most legacy strike fighters including MiG 35, F18C/D/E/F, Viper, Rafale). F35 is miles ahead of everyone apart from the F22A in 1 & 2 and comperable to most in 3. Put simply the F35's LO, networking and LPI radar system will allow the platform to detect, track and engage threats while effectively avioding counter detection and engagement by all legacy plarforms, while disupting threat platforms datalinks and degrading their radar performance, all in a package with comperable raw performance. The F35 will be a devistating BVR performer, easilly outclassing any contemporary platform apart from the raptor. In the WVR threat environment, the combination of the 360 degree detection and track envilope of the DASS and the 360 degree engagement envilope of focal plane array equiped heaters like AIM 132 will effectively allow the F35 to engage a threat at any bearing or at any angle, even directly behind him, without maneuvering. Considering that, even with its poor instentanious or sustained turn rate (compared to Flanker, Typhoon or Raptor), it will be a devistating WVR performer. In real terms the F35 will be a fearsome air superiority platform, and far more capable than any legacy platform, especially Grippen.



I didn't say anything in my last posting about maritime strike, but Gripen is originally designed with anti shipping in mind and is already operational in that role. Any customer only has to integrate the missile of choice.

Oh, they only have to "intergrate the missile of their choice" huh? Its that easy? Considering most contemporary, western multi-role platforms have the radar and avionics capability for effective maritime strike, including Hornet, Rhino, Viper, Strike Eagle and Rafale, all you have to do is intergrate the compatable weapons system of your choice on any of these platforms and you've got a ship buster. So how is Grippen any different?


There is no interest from the US for dedicated anti shipping and any customers would have to pay for that themselves with the money left after cost overruns.
That are being "investigated" you say? Very reassuring...:rolleyes:
No interest in a dedicated anti shipping capabiliy? Have you ever heard of JASSM? AGM 158, if it is compleated, will be one of the most potent anti shiping systems operational enyware, considering it's level of LO, warhead and pasive seeker. under current plans this system will be cleared for external carriage ad droping for the F35 at IOC. If you cant buy JASSM well you can integrate the system of your choice, just like grippen. :rolleyes:
 

Ryttare

New Member
It seems I stepped on some really sore toes.

Excellent. So again back to my original question, what exactly is their experience with integrating AESA arrays into fighter sized fire control radar systems?

It may not be a "big gamble" but it is a technology and engineering level they have not reached and have no "runs on the board" to demonstrate any particular competence in this field.

Thinking they'll equal or match a radar of the capability of the APG-81, a development of the "world beating" APG-77 which equips the F-22, their first time out, is pretty much wishful thinking in my view.

They showed that they could develop an AESA of top quality at their first try. Also they will not do it alone, but together with Selex. And Raytheon has offered their AESA for Gripen, so there is a fall back plan for those who are scared.

Payload constraints? Ah yes, the internal weapons bay thing...

I think you'll find the F-35 has a much larger payload lift capacity than the Gripen.

Not every buyer can buy "any" targetting pod of their choice. Look at Pantera. It's an export variant of Sniper XR. NOT the Sniper XR itself...
Most users choose Litenings, wonder why.

Will it have an internal IRST and EO/IR targetting pod? Nope.

Will Gripen NG have an IR sensor system, mounted on a full 360 degrees around the airframe, giving the pilot the ability to "look" anywhere around his aircraft?

I don't believe so...
Gripen NG will have IRST, for the rest JSF might have the the upper hand for a while, just as Gripen has a more capable datalink already today.

It won't have a radar of the capability of the APG-81.

I very much doubt the avionics as a whole will be as tightly integrated as they are reputed to be on the F-35.

There's quite a BIT of difference there...

Your confidence is impressive.

Yes. Lockheed Martin and the US are stupid. They have invested heavily in stealth technology, when a mere $150000 or so of investment is going to make their worth of research into LO advancements "worthless"...
And everyone else is so stupid they can't counter the US stealth. But stealth will be very useful for USA in wars against third world countries.

Tell me, when are active radar guided SAM and AAM's going to feature the radar capability to target an LO aircraft at long range?

That's where stealth TRULY comes into it's own. Knowing an aircraft is there, isn't much good when you STILL can't do anything about it, before they can fire their weapons at you...
What says that it wouldn't be possible already today using long wave radars and missiles with heat seekers? But the point is, when investing so much money in stealth you have to consider the possibility that it's usefullness can be cut short with advances in technology. Especially for countries that might have to meet somewhat advanced rivals.



It won't be slow. The airframe design, clean operational configuration airframe, installed thrust and large internal fuel fraction will guarantee that.

Tell me, what exactly is the Gripen's maximum dash speed when it's carrying an external targetting pod, 2x AMRAAM and 2x 2000lbs class munitions, seeing as though "maximum" speed is apparently so important?
In A2G config F-35 and Gripen will probably have similar speed and that is good for a bomb truck and will be enough for those who have a faster fighter for air superiority and escort.
Gripen can go supersonic with a belly drop tank, 2 AMRAAM and 2 Sidewinders without afterburner today with the RM12 engine. Consider that Gripen NG will have an F414 engine that in baseline model can achieve 22'000 lbs of thrust and is available with 26'000 lbs of thrust.

F-35 may in fact "supercruise" to a degree. I certainly don't think it will reach F-22 level of speeds, but mach 1.3 or 1.4 "dry thrust" cruise speeds in operational configuration are by no means out of the question.

Even if it doesn't it's transonic and "cruise speeds" will be identical to current generation fighters and I see no reason why on reheat it won't push high mach speeds. With all that fuel it will be able to use reheat for longer or more often than other fighters of the current generation, obviously at range penalties however.
Even Lockheed Martin that is not shy to bang the drum for JSF has said that it wont supercruise.


You did mention "air and sea" policing roles, and one would imagine that a maritime strike capability would be a pre-requisite for sea policing roles, unless you consider "policing" to maintain no response options???

So the USN is not interested in having it's primary strike aircraft of the future equipped with a maritime strike capability?

Please don't confuse those popular charts showing "baseline" weapons capabilities, with what customers may want long term. It is a development aircraft afterall and has a long way to go before any of these capabilities are operational...

BTW I do think the Gripen is a nice and capable little fighter. I just don't think it's anywhere near the class of the F-35.
When will F-35 get that anti shipping ability and is any of USN planes capable of anti shipping today?
 
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Ryttare

New Member
Similar avionics? I dont think so bud. In addition to the AN/APG 81 and EOTS (which are both either not intalled or more capable than grippen's comperable systems), the F35 will have a 360 degree IR detection and track envilope provided by the DAS (Distributed Apature System). But the real difference lays in the EW/EWSP suite, 5th gen combat management system and HUI (human user interface), which will all be the worlds most advanced at IOC. The EW/EWSP suite includes a fully digital RWR (quite rare and not even on Typhoon), towed decoys, IRCM dispenser and a formidable offenceive electronic attack capability provided by the APG 81. The only system's that will be comperable at IOC will be on the F/A-18F Bk II and Rafale's spectra EW suite. All of these EW sub-systems are intergrated through the F35's fiber optic data buss and combat management system, whcih is only rivaled by the Rhinos', granting much better rates of information disimination, distribution and prioritization, reducing the workload on the pilot and aiding tactical desision making. This is all presented to the pilot through the most advanced and user freindly HUI anyware, which includes a voice command system (also on Typhoon) and a helmet mounted HUD, allowing information to be presented to the pilot when he is looking at any direction and providing the pilot with 360 degree FLIR imagry from the DAS (i.e. he can see through the floor). All of these systems, the heart of the platforms avionics suite are well ahead of grippens avionics capability, even though they both have a datalink.


:
You very much compare the advertised capability of F-35 with todays Gripen, but even there you go wrong. Gripen already has towed decoys and HMD is also available today. The datalink of todays Gripen is much more advanced than the one F-35 will get.

You can see about the technology that will fly on the demonstartor already next year.
http://img170.imageshack.us/my.php?image=gripendemorl5.jpg
 

Scorpion82

New Member
Making an AEW&C sized radar system is not the same as making a fighter sized system. I'm sure it will help, but it will not allow the sweeds to produce a system of the calibur of the AN/APG 81. An AESA's real capability does not lay in the array hardware itself, its the signal proscessor and the software that give the system its teeth, therefore just because you have an active array does not mean you have a system as capable as the AN/APG 77/79/81 series. Eurofighter fans continually make this mistake, sighting CAPTOR as the answer to the APG 79 just because they are both AESA's, when in reality its 1st gen vs 3rd gen.
Well I think once you have mastered the hardware the limit is only set by the creativeness of the developer. GAA and GAN technologies for example can be used for other purposes as well. Europe and even Russia made advances in these fields and assuming their first AESA systems will be no better than US 1st gen systems is wishful thinking in my opinion. You self say software is the key and I have to agree with you on that, of course you need the required processing power as well. You can develope AESA software before you actually have a working hardware device and no one can really tell how far such a software is already developed here or there.

But the real difference lays in the EW/EWSP suite, 5th gen combat management system and HUI (human user interface), which will all be the worlds most advanced at IOC. The EW/EWSP suite includes a fully digital RWR (quite rare and not even on Typhoon), towed decoys, IRCM dispenser and a formidable offenceive electronic attack capability provided by the APG 81. The only system's that will be comperable at IOC will be on the F/A-18F Bk II and Rafale's spectra EW suite.
Despite the fact the Typhoon's DASS currently uses ESM based on superheterodyne antennas what makes you sure that the system won't be further developed in the future. Until the F-35 reaches IOC there are plenty of years left to work on that. And a digital RWR is very likely to be fitted to block 10 Typhoons.
And do you exactly know how the F-35's MMI will work so that you can make such a statement? It's more about the MMI than what you can see at a first glance when looking at a picture! I have no doubt it will be the best ever developed in the US and maybe even the best in the world, it's just imposible to say at the moment due the lack of more details.
 

Ozzy Blizzard

New Member
They showed that they could develop an AESA of top quality at their first try. Also they will not do it alone, but together with Selex. And Raytheon has offered their AESA for Gripen, so there is a fall back plan for those who are scared.
As i stated earlier, the ability to put an active array in a fighter and keep it cool enough will not give you a system as capable as a 3rd gen US radar. If you want to utilise the advanced modes and features of a system like the AN/APG 79 then th things you are really going to need are a comperable signal processor and all of the lines of code (software) needed. Thats the difference between a system like the APG 79 and the APG 63(v)2, they both have a similar number of T/R modules but one is much more capable than the other. Even if the Sweeds do get a decent system in grippen block 2/super grippen, i have no doubt it will be as capable as something like the APG 63 (V)2 but to achieve something like the APG 63(v)3, they would have to effectively leapforg several steps in the technologies evoloution, i.e. most likely not gonna happen.


Gripen NG will have IRST, for the rest JSF might have the the upper hand for a while, just as Gripen has a more capable datalink already today.
Grippen has a more capable datalink becasue F35 has no datalink, its still in SDD. So its link 16 vs sweedish datalink? I think theres a bit more to the capabilities of a fighter than the Kbps datalink capability. Considering the other advantages the F35 will enjoy, including the big one which Grippen wil never, ever have, VLO.


And everyone else is so stupid they can't counter the US stealth. But stealth will be very useful for USA in wars against third world countries.
maybe everyone on the plannet is so stupid, because AFAIK there are no working radars that are a counter to stealth.



What says that it wouldn't be possible already today using long wave radars and missiles with heat seekers?
Long wave radars dont give you target quality track data, thats why we use microwave radars for tracking and engagement. If its long wave and IRBVRAAM vs microwave and AMRAAM its game over, even if you can technically see and engage an LO platform.

But the point is, when investing so much money in stealth you have to consider the possibility that it's usefullness can be cut short with advances in technology. Especially for countries that might have to meet somewhat advanced rivals.
You are looking at the technology in the wrong way. VLO is not a single magic technique that can be countered by some impreovement in a radar system. In reality stealth is a large combination of various technologies that are constantly evolveing and therefore, not just one single thing that can be countered by some other single thing. An example of this is Rafale's Spectra EW system, which uses active stealth. Spectra detects the emmiting radar and classifies the frequency, it the emmits a frequency at a slightly different wavelength, which cancells out some of the emmiting radar's EM energy. This is apparantly very effective in disrupting an enemies ability to track. Stealth also includes Electronic Attack, which actively disrupts transmitting radars. So, realistically there is no one technology that can simply make stealth obsolete because it is in fact a combination of several technologies which are contantly evolveing.


In A2G config F-35 and Gripen will probably have similar speed and that is good for a bomb truck and will be enough for those who have a faster fighter for air superiority and escort.
Gripen can go supersonic with a belly drop tank, 2 AMRAAM and 2 Sidewinders without afterburner today with the RM12 engine. Consider that Gripen NG will have an F414 engine that in baseline model can achieve 22'000 lbs of thrust and is available with 26'000 lbs of thrust.
Mate i seriosly doubt that. Drag is a huge factor, and without being bothered doing the calculations (including external fuel) i would have to say bullsh*t!


When will F-35 get that anti shipping ability and is any of USN planes capable of anti shipping today?
All of the USN's frontline platforms are capable of maritime strike. Both F18C and F18E/F are equiped with Harpoon bk II and now JSOW C III which has an anti shipping capability. That is every single fighter in the USN's inventory.

You very much compare the advertised capability of F-35 with todays Gripen, but even there you go wrong. Gripen already has towed decoys and HMD is also available today. The datalink of todays Gripen is much more advanced than the one F-35 will get.

You can see about the technology that will fly on the demonstartor already next year.
Its no doubt an improvement. However, as stated earlier having an AESA does not mean you have a 3rd gen AESA, IRST is nice but its no DASS, and were was the fiber optic data buss or 5th gen (or equivelant) combat management system? And i never said grippen does not have towed decoys, most contemporary fighters do, i was just outlineing the F35's EWSP suite. Fact is F35 will have a much more capable avionics suite than even an evolved Grippen, in addition to much better sensors and VLO. It will in reality be more capable, however that says nothing about value for money or logistical constraints. It just depends on who's buying them.
 

swerve

Super Moderator
... Even if the Sweeds do get a decent system in grippen block 2/super grippen, i have no doubt it will be as capable as something like the APG 63 (V)2 but to achieve something like the APG 63(v)3, they would have to effectively leapforg several steps in the technologies evoloution, i.e. most likely not gonna happen.
....
A few things -
1) The Swedes will not use T/R modules of the vintage of those in the APG63(v)2. They will probably use UMS products, which are much more advanced. In this field, the Swedes don't have to do any leapfrogging, since others with deeper pockets & bigger customer bases have already done it, & are continuing to advance. The Swedes can buy their products.

2) The same applies to processors.

3) One critical difference between an APG79 & an APG63(v)2 is in the software: in this area, the Swedes have had practice (that's one thing building an AEW AESA radar gives you practice in, as well as the prototype construction & testing they've done in the last few years), & will be collaborating with another producer who's had more. So again, they do not need to "leapforg several steps in the technologies evoloution", as they a] have already leapfrogged some of them & b] will be able to buy in or trade for some of the leapfrogging that's already been done elsewhere.

What you're suggesting is that anyone entering a field where technology is relatively mature has to recapitulate all the steps taken to reach that maturity: not so! No gun-maker designing a new machine-gun today would start where Puckle did, or even Gatling, regardless of whether they'd ever designed a machine-gun before. They're already far ahead of that.
 
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Ryttare

New Member
As i stated earlier, the ability to put an active array in a fighter and keep it cool enough will not give you a system as capable as a 3rd gen US radar. If you want to utilise the advanced modes and features of a system like the AN/APG 79 then th things you are really going to need are a comperable signal processor and all of the lines of code (software) needed. Thats the difference between a system like the APG 79 and the APG 63(v)2, they both have a similar number of T/R modules but one is much more capable than the other. Even if the Sweeds do get a decent system in grippen block 2/super grippen, i have no doubt it will be as capable as something like the APG 63 (V)2 but to achieve something like the APG 63(v)3, they would have to effectively leapforg several steps in the technologies evoloution, i.e. most likely not gonna happen.
Swerve has already answered this much better than I can, I will just add that this emphasis on radars isolated implies some kind of WW1 scenario with fighter against fighter. In the modern air war the fighters should never be alone but together with other fighters and backed up by AEW&C and/or ground radars. Therefore networking with datalinks are very important in the context.

Grippen has a more capable datalink becasue F35 has no datalink, its still in SDD. So its link 16 vs sweedish datalink? I think theres a bit more to the capabilities of a fighter than the Kbps datalink capability. Considering the other advantages the F35 will enjoy, including the big one which Grippen wil never, ever have, VLO.
Yes! F-35 doesn't have datalinks, or stelth, DAS or anything because there are no F-35 today. But even the advertised datalink of the future JSF is not as capable as todays Gripens.
The avionics of F-35 will probably in some areas be better than the Gripens at that time, even if it's not totally clear today. But in some areas Gripen will probably have better avionics, especially the datalink and I believe it will be a significant advantage.

maybe everyone on the plannet is so stupid, because AFAIK there are no working radars that are a counter to stealth.

Long wave radars dont give you target quality track data, thats why we use microwave radars for tracking and engagement. If its long wave and IRBVRAAM vs microwave and AMRAAM its game over, even if you can technically see and engage an LO platform.
I know that long wave radars are not accurate enough to guide a missile all the way to target. But it could be possible to use heat seekers for terminal guidance.

You are looking at the technology in the wrong way. VLO is not a single magic technique that can be countered by some impreovement in a radar system. In reality stealth is a large combination of various technologies that are constantly evolveing and therefore, not just one single thing that can be countered by some other single thing. An example of this is Rafale's Spectra EW system, which uses active stealth. Spectra detects the emmiting radar and classifies the frequency, it the emmits a frequency at a slightly different wavelength, which cancells out some of the emmiting radar's EM energy. This is apparantly very effective in disrupting an enemies ability to track. Stealth also includes Electronic Attack, which actively disrupts transmitting radars. So, realistically there is no one technology that can simply make stealth obsolete because it is in fact a combination of several technologies which are contantly evolveing.
Yes I know that, and that's the point. What I'm talking about is the future obsolence of the structural, fixed, stealth of F-35. F-35 wont be operational for several years and is then supposed to be operated for 30-40 years and it's that time span I'm talking about.

Mate i seriosly doubt that. Drag is a huge factor, and without being bothered doing the calculations (including external fuel) i would have to say bullsh*t!
What do you doubt? The thrust of F414? By the way, I was wrong about the loadout when going supersonic without afterburner.

“There was one interesting problem,” Colonel Eldh concludes with a smile. “Gripen is supersonic at all altitudes and can cruise supersonically with an external load including fuel tank, four AMRAAM and two sidewinder missiles without the need to engage the afterburner.

“In the early days of operations, we found some pilots inadvertently flying supersonic over populated areas. The problem was one of habit, as the pilots had their throttle settings as high as on the older-generation fighters that Gripen replaced.
http://www.gripen.com/NR/rdonlyres/FE463B06-8C9B-4A49-A382-999C6AF1E53B/0/gripen_news_2001_01.pdf
 
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