Royal Australian Navy Discussions and Updates

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ngatimozart

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What? When Choules retires? I can't see the slightest interest being shown in a much smaller ship just one year younger.

oldsig
Actually I was thinking now and until Canterbury retires. I presume that she and Choules will pay off around a similar time. Yes it is smaller but every bit helps. The logistics vessel shortage is common to both navies and Canterbury can get into places that Choules and similar can't.
 

vonnoobie

Well-Known Member
This may sound excessive but considering the need for greater maritime logistics support for our remote island territories plus the need to support fluctuating but still vital peak effort requirements Border Protection and HADR the high speed vessels could prove to be very useful and effective. A couple could service each island territory and a couple more used by the ADF for training, tests and trials, SOF and Mine Warfare support as well as reserve training, justifying their existence and leaving them available for emergencies.
Just a smidge excessive :)

While an argument might be able to be made on paper for such a purchase we are unlikely to replace 2 ship's (Choules + future logistics ship) with a half dozen or more ships with a combined tonnage approaching if not exceeding 250,000 tons.

Coco's (Keeling) and Christmas Island's are both getting more and more ship visits especially now that we are (and the US) looking at them as future military bases (Cocos island would be upgraded to handled P-8's according to the DWP while we and the US have made mention of it being a future site for armed drones).

Thursday island doesn't really have any issue at all, Very close to the mainland with other island and mainland settlement's within easy reach by the local's boat's.

Lord Howe island has a population too small to justify any major vessel docking there seeing as there population doesnt get any higher then 800 and that is when they have 400 tourists there in the tourism season.

Norfolk island also doesnt need a vessel as vessel's reaching it isn't the issue but rather vessels being unable to dock, Weather that rough that everything has to be unloaded onto whaleboat's and bought in that way as it's too dangerous for the ships to do so.

While it would be nice the situation just doesn't allow for it or make sense. You could probably get away with a half dozen Runnymede-class large landing craft servicing Norfolk (If a safe harbor could be built, Not impossible), Christmas and Cocos (keeling) Islands.
 

Alf662

New Member
Actually the problem in these port is ........ well getting into port. Christmas Island really does not have a port and ships tie up to buoys with a crane and cantilever used for cargo. For RO-RO operations you would need a vessel that can take landing craft of the type that can be lifted out of the water in flying fish Cover. Anchoring and mooring is at the whim of the weather.

Cocos - Keeling are not much better. Norfolk Island transfer cargo ashore by boat while Lord Howe Island has a proper wharf ...... sort of.....

* BLACK DIAMOND IMAGES * | ISLAND TRADER | Island Trader Lord Howe Island Wharf

Not sure a large RO-RO is really what you want. New small multipurpose tonnage is more suited as the volumes at not there. Critical stuff is often flown in.
Couldn't agree more Alexsa. All of the islands I previously listed have unique challenges and if they can be overcome would offer the islands inhabitants and the ADF some unique opportunities.

The Norfolk Island community see any investment as an opportunity to improve access. The Island was crucial during Operation Morris Dance. Here is a copy of their DWP submission: http://www.defence.gov.au/WhitePaper/docs/099-NorfolkIslandGovernment.pdf

I stumbled on this article from Dr Karlo Kopp regarding the strategic importance of Christmas Island and Cocos Island which I found quite interesting, I will post it here as it is applicable to the current discussion: http://www.ausairpower.net/PDF-A/DT-Cocos-Christmas-Mar-2012.pdf

The fact that these Islands are so far away is also an opportunity for defence as it would allow RAN assets to refuel a long way from the Australian mainland without having to rely on the presence of an AOR.

"Island Trader" is a good example that you posted. It was built in 1981 and is quite typical of Australia's coastal shipping and infrastructure facilities available.
 

gf0012-aust

Grumpy Old Man
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
broader discussion, all those territories could get huge revenue pumped in if they agreed to become extended aircraft carriers - not necessarily Diego Garcia, but similar principles

unfortunately emotional links to history and a 18th century tahitian mindset cruel any opportunities to discuss revenue streams - they all think that they can survive on tourism (albeit they hate tourists with a passion)
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
broader discussion, all those territories could get huge revenue pumped in if they agreed to become extended aircraft carriers - not necessarily Diego Garcia, but similar principles

unfortunately emotional links to history and a 18th century tahitian mindset cruel any opportunities to discuss revenue streams - they all think that they can survive on tourism (albeit they hate tourists with a passion)
Bare bones bases? That would be interesting especially if they included expanded port facilities, underground fuel stores and hardstands/interfaces for advanced deployable systems.

The flipside is if we fail to robustly defend them they will become very attractive targets.
 

t68

Well-Known Member
Actually I was thinking now and until Canterbury retires. I presume that she and Choules will pay off around a similar time. Yes it is smaller but every bit helps. The logistics vessel shortage is common to both navies and Canterbury can get into places that Choules and similar can't.
then what would you do for sealift in the meantime?

Christmas Island would need a lighter-age system of some description to be viable for a ro-ro
 

Todjaeger

Potstirrer
Actually the problem in these port is ........ well getting into port. Christmas Island really does not have a port and ships tie up to buoys with a crane and cantilever used for cargo. For RO-RO operations you would need a vessel that can take landing craft of the type that can be lifted out of the water in flying fish Cover. Anchoring and mooring is at the whim of the weather.

Cocos - Keeling are not much better. Norfolk Island transfer cargo ashore by boat while Lord Howe Island has a proper wharf ...... sort of.....

* BLACK DIAMOND IMAGES * | ISLAND TRADER | Island Trader Lord Howe Island Wharf

Not sure a large RO-RO is really what you want. New small multipurpose tonnage is more suited as the volumes at not there. Critical stuff is often flown in.
Please correct me if I have this wrong, but I had thought one of the major issues with Christmas Island had to do with the topography of the island, and then they hydrography around the island. With some fairly significant rises, and a very steep drop off underwater, there is no really good place to dock. Large vessels can get quite close to land (hence the crane) but they cannot really anchor easily. Constructing a pier is basically out as well, again due to the drop off.

With respect to Norfolk Island, I was under the impression it was a similar sort of issue due to the island topography. With cliffs edging the island, a pier has not been constructed to where a large vessel could dock. Norfolk Island does not have the issue with a rapid drop off, but does have areas where a larger vessel could run aground, and/or rip open the hull on a submerged rock.

I had an idea which I wanted to bring up, since I lack the knowledge or experience to know if this would be helpful or viable in terms of cargo handling or as a ship to shore connector.

Could a sort of floating dock be constructed and anchored to land, to provide ships a place to tie off and dock, discharge passengers and cargo, etc? Not sure if such an arrangement could be made sturdy and secure enough to use to dock a cargo vessel, or if it would be able to to have cargo discharged onto it. The initial notion I had resembled a pontoon bridge, and then I considered the use of mexeflotes or a modular causeway system.
 

alexsa

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Couldn't agree more Alexsa. All of the islands I previously listed have unique challenges and if they can be overcome would offer the islands inhabitants and the ADF some unique opportunities.

The Norfolk Island community see any investment as an opportunity to improve access. The Island was crucial during Operation Morris Dance. Here is a copy of their DWP submission: http://www.defence.gov.au/WhitePaper/docs/099-NorfolkIslandGovernment.pdf

I stumbled on this article from Dr Karlo Kopp regarding the strategic importance of Christmas Island and Cocos Island which I found quite interesting, I will post it here as it is applicable to the current discussion: http://www.ausairpower.net/PDF-A/DT-Cocos-Christmas-Mar-2012.pdf


The fact that these Islands are so far away is also an opportunity for defence as it would allow RAN assets to refuel a long way from the Australian mainland without having to rely on the presence of an AOR.

"Island Trader" is a good example that you posted. It was built in 1981 and is quite typical of Australia's coastal shipping and infrastructure facilities available.
Sorry, just how are RAN units going to refuel at these islands ..... They simply do not have the facities to support a ship of this size or even a light of the size necessary to be useful.

There the added weakness in this arguement ....... And that is all the fuel needs to be shipped or flown in (the latter not being practical for vessel bunkering) in any case which renders any fuel stop advantage moot.

Cocos-Keeling could have a fuel tender in the lagoon area, however, this would have to leave to pick up bunkers or be resupplied in situ.

Finally Norfolk, Lord Howe and Christmas Island are all exposed to the elements meaning the ability to bunker will be subject to weather.

If you want to see the impact this can have on a moored vessel just look at the loss of the MV Tycoon ....... Not a pretty sight.

While I find the notion of defence facilities providing an economic boon to these islands they are, at best, a staging post and an additional AOR would provide more capability and flexibility.
 

alexsa

Super Moderator
Staff member
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Please correct me if I have this wrong, but I had thought one of the major issues with Christmas Island had to do with the topography of the island, and then they hydrography around the island. With some fairly significant rises, and a very steep drop off underwater, there is no really good place to dock. Large vessels can get quite close to land (hence the crane) but they cannot really anchor easily. Constructing a pier is basically out as well, again due to the drop off.

With respect to Norfolk Island, I was under the impression it was a similar sort of issue due to the island topography. With cliffs edging the island, a pier has not been constructed to where a large vessel could dock. Norfolk Island does not have the issue with a rapid drop off, but does have areas where a larger vessel could run aground, and/or rip open the hull on a submerged rock.

I had an idea which I wanted to bring up, since I lack the knowledge or experience to know if this would be helpful or viable in terms of cargo handling or as a ship to shore connector.

Could a sort of floating dock be constructed and anchored to land, to provide ships a place to tie off and dock, discharge passengers and cargo, etc? Not sure if such an arrangement could be made sturdy and secure enough to use to dock a cargo vessel, or if it would be able to to have cargo discharged onto it. The initial notion I had resembled a pontoon bridge, and then I considered the use of mexeflotes or a modular causeway system.
Sorry I am responding back to front. Most of this is covered in the previous message but you are correct. Christmas Island, LH Island and Norfolk Island are all essentially mountain peaks. That does not mean that a wharf could not be built but it will cost. As far as floating facilities are concerned these would be at the mercy of weather conditions.

There was a study done on addition port (crane and cantilever) facilities at Christmas Island and a second facility was built but it gets little use due to the lack of supporting infrastructure and the fact the weather can shut it down.

The coronial inquest into SIEV 221 provides a pretty good insight into the difficulties operating off Christmas Island.

Cocos Keeling offers a sheltered shallow lagoon but there are few facilities
 

gf0012-aust

Grumpy Old Man
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The coronial inquest into SIEV 221 provides a pretty good insight into the difficulties operating off Christmas Island.
the tragedy surrounding SIEV 221 has driven a significant amount of change in the ADO

the impact is pretty extraordinary and it drives a lot of thinking in current developments (planning, acquisition reqs. service interaction. risk matrix, responsibilities, prep for estimates etc.... there is a significant trickle down cudgel effect re info management
 

rossfrb_1

Member
Sorry I am responding back to front. Most of this is covered in the previous message but you are correct. Christmas Island, LH Island and Norfolk Island are all essentially mountain peaks. That does not mean that a wharf could not be built but it will cost. As far as floating facilities are concerned these would be at the mercy of weather conditions.
Just some perspective
LHI currently has one jetty in a shallow lagoon.
The population is ~%50 SDA, %50 tree huggers/hippies.
Although from an Australian standpoint it is considered part of NSW, think of it as a 'prinicipality'. The locals are vociferously parochial and the only thing which stops them tearing each other apart is any issue which unites them against mainland Australia.
The politics of extending the existing runway such that it could land aircraft larger than the current Dash 8-200's (no longer in production) already divides the island.

Norfolk Island - will likely become part of NSW in July 2016.
Currently has two jetties servicing the island, neither in particularly deep water, and can be shut down by moderate inclement weather. Cargo of any substantial size is lightered in the old way. Parochialism factor x 10 LHI

It would take a substantial act of will on behalf of the Australian federal government and a very large amount of funding in regards the construction of infrastructure (not to mention greasing the palms of the dominant families on both islands) to make either or both islands militarily meaningful.
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
So realistically looking at the difficulties in improving the infrastructure on the various islands and territories we may be better off investing in a couple Expeditionary Transfer Docks (T-ESD) and extra landing craft, possibly including air cushion types. With a couple of such ships we will never need a dock or jetty (though they would still make things easier) whether operation off our own territories or providing a floating base for relief operations throughout the region where infrastructure has been destroyed by natural disasters.

Two ESDs would free the ADF to aquire pretty much any other type to fill logistics and amphibious requirements, T-AKE, high speed vessels, more conventional ROROs, LPD LSD etc.
 

oldsig127

The Bunker Group
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Two ESDs would free the ADF to aquire pretty much any other type to fill logistics and amphibious requirements, T-AKE, high speed vessels, more conventional ROROs, LPD LSD etc.
TWO 60,000 tonne, highly specialised vessels PLUS a whole lot more. Do you get a set of steak knives if you order before midnight? Or has this entire discussion wandered off into fantasy fleet la-la land where money is no object - unlike the situation for the Australian Government and RAN who buy what we can afford to do what we must with an eye on the wishes of the people who actually have to pay for it, us.

oldsig127
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
TWO 60,000 tonne, highly specialised vessels PLUS a whole lot more. Do you get a set of steak knives if you order before midnight? Or has this entire discussion wandered off into fantasy fleet la-la land where money is no object - unlike the situation for the Australian Government and RAN who buy what we can afford to do what we must with an eye on the wishes of the people who actually have to pay for it, us.

oldsig127
Steel is cheap, air is free and too 60000t ships would be cheaper than the infrastructure upgrades informed members have spent the last couple of pages explaining why they would be impractical. It is necessary to look outside the square rather than just following the same old patterns as often enabling capabilities can help deliver far more capability and better value for money than same old same old.

Back in the 90s many including me were talking about the need for C-17, LHD/LPH, additional medium and heavy lift helicopters, OPVs or better instead of patrol boats, more major surface combatants, more submarines, extra infantry battalions, new tanks, AIFVs, etc. and many more disagreed for no reason other than it was different from what we had been doing for the last decade or so. Well they didn't just disagree but were dismissive, judgemental, condescending and ultimately proven totally wrong.

I wonder do you believe we should cancel the Growlers and get rid of all the stuff that we not only didn't have in the 80s, 90s and 2000s but some of which the government of the day said we would never need?

Time for a reality check, the cavalry don't ride horses into battle any more, our troops who never needed body armour are encased in it now, things change.
 

swerve

Super Moderator
The USN thinks it can use five T-ESDs. You want two for the RAN? Steel may be cheap, but they still cost about USD500 mn each, & to make use of them other craft would be needed. You could buy a bare-bones LPD similar to the Makassar-class for a fraction of that, & it'd be much cheaper to operate & maintain.
 

vonnoobie

Well-Known Member
In regards to using our external island territories as FOB's why did Norfolk and Lord Howe get mentioned? Best I can tell FOB's will aid in extending the range of our aircraft and our submarine's. With that in mind how do any islands on the east coast of Australia assist us in operations to the north and west? Between Australia, New Zealand and possible French (New Caledonia) the east is pretty well covered as it is now.

The only useful islands for FOB's belonging to Australia are Christmas (air) island and the Cocos (keeling)(air and naval) islands which is why the ADF (and by extension the US) is looking at there use long term.

As far as FOB's go between Diego Garcia, Cocos (keeling) islands and Guam you can pretty much have the Indian and Pacific ocean's and everything in between covered. Slight fantasy wish but wouldn't mind being able to forward base some submarines at Guam and/or Diego Garcia.

As for the ship's Volk mentioned.. Your looking at $2b+ USD just to buy them not including purchase of LCAC's, facility upgrades, extra crew's and the political and civil back lash for some ship's that would be seen as only being of use to invade another country with the entire 1st division.

If a conflict comes that requires that much shipping capability for our forces then the time has come that the government wouldn't care about any backlash in Tasmania and actually go and requisition the half dozen or so largish RoRo's operating between Tasmania and NZ.

It's also all well and good to say back in the 90's you and your mates were talking about getting the stuff that we are now getting or have in the pipe line but they are differing circumstances. Back then the ADF was extremely underfunded with the cold war wound up so Governments less willing to spend to get what we need, Now they are spending to get what we need does not mean we need more again. By that argument you could go from getting the Canberra class to getting the America class to getting the QE class carriers to getting a Gerald R Ford class carrier all because each one is a step up, regardless of what we actually need and can use.
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
The USN thinks it can use five T-ESDs. You want two for the RAN? Steel may be cheap, but they still cost about USD500 mn each, & to make use of them other craft would be needed. You could buy a bare-bones LPD similar to the Makassar-class for a fraction of that, & it'd be much cheaper to operate & maintain.
I'm class agnostic, its the capability concept that intrigues me.

I do believe though that a bare bones LPD would not be capable of doing the job which makes it being cheaper irrelevant. ESD appears to be one of those capabilities that you either do it right or you don't bother doing it at all.

Doing it right means a large and stable enough platform for logistics vessels to offload cargo onto, with enough space for that cargo to be broken down and dispatched to where it is needed by the sufficient number of ship to shore connecters the platform needs to be able to operate. It also means at least two of them as only a single platform would make it a part time or token capability rather than a useful niche one that would also be an effective enabler and force multiplier for other ADF capabilities.

Think not just in terms of a "Hail Mary" ARG but Boxing Day Tsunami, the search for Malaysia Flight 370, our almost annual Queensland floods, South Pacific cyclones, NZ earth quakes. Imagine these vessels supporting Green/Brown water forces consisting of combat boats, fast interceptors, LCMs and RHIBs, clearance diving teams, maritime security or even interdiction forces. They could be a very useful addition to the ADF that would greatly enhance existing and proposed capabilities.

The ADF being a small /medium organisation often has to acquire capabilities in very different ratios to what would be considered normal. This is because to stick to ratios that suit other nations forces would mean our capability would be too small to be viable at all. Twelve out of the RAAFs 108 combat aircraft will be Growlers and almost a third of our transport fleet are C-17s, that two is quite excessive when compared to US fleet ratios. Two ESDs may seem excessive when the US is only planning an initial two plus two ESBs but if there aren't two there may as well be zero.
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
As for the ship's Volk mentioned.. Your looking at $2b+ USD just to buy them not including purchase of LCAC's, facility upgrades, extra crew's and the political and civil back lash for some ship's that would be seen as only being of use to invade another country with the entire 1st division.

If a conflict comes that requires that much shipping capability for our forces then the time has come that the government wouldn't care about any backlash in Tasmania and actually go and requisition the half dozen or so largish RoRo's operating between Tasmania and NZ.

It's also all well and good to say back in the 90's you and your mates were talking about getting the stuff that we are now getting or have in the pipe line but they are differing circumstances. Back then the ADF was extremely underfunded with the cold war wound up so Governments less willing to spend to get what we need, Now they are spending to get what we need does not mean we need more again. By that argument you could go from getting the Canberra class to getting the America class to getting the QE class carriers to getting a Gerald R Ford class carrier all because each one is a step up, regardless of what we actually need and can use.
You've just doubled the price! And only useful for invading other countries? I hope you washed your hands considering where you must have pulled that from.

Seriously some of you are apparently totally incapable of thinking outside the square. Do any of you have the slightest idea how many existing ADF assets and capabilities could actually be made more effective by such a platform, army operated LCM 8s for instance could actually be deployed usefully on HADR operations from such ships.

Add in the proposed littoral capabilities the ADF wants to develop, how do you think they will be deployed if the current LHD/LPD force is only large enough for the ARG? Yes the ships it can multitask but they can still only do one job at a time and if the are loading up with the ARG to support a regional ally then wouldn't that be the same sort of circumstances that we would be desiring to move all our other new gear into place as well?

My point wasn't about fan bois having a chat in the 90s it was about young defence professionals discussing matters with senior defence professionals in an informal setting and the fact that so many of the things that were discussed have come to pass, despite armchair experts saying they were unjustified, unaffordable and would never happen. The fact you do not comprehend what I am suggesting, as your response clearly shows you don't, does not make me wrong.

From where I sit the arguments you and oldsig are making are the same as those made by others in the 90s, we don't currently have/do this, therefore we will never have/do this, because if we needed to have do this we would already have/do it. plus the usual (pluck random exaggerated figure from where the sun don't shine) it costs too much, we cant afford it, we don't have the crews blah blah blah. Exactly the same sort arguments that were posted on here opposed to the idea of twelve subs, nine 6000t plus multirole frigates and OPVs to replace the Armidales, prior to the DWP confirming all of the above as pretty much both NLP and ALP policy.

I am not saying that Australia will acquire T-ESD, T-ESB, T-AKE or CVH/DDH for that matter, what I am saying is it is worth, in these challenging and changing times, looking at more than just repeating the procurement decisions of the past two decades and automatically discounting anything that we haven't done before or for more than twenty years. How many of our current capabilities would not exist today if the then decision makers and their advisors were as narrow minded as some on here.
 

t68

Well-Known Member
I'm certainly *not opposed to the idea, but do wonder if the RAN/Army *can fully exploit the capability with existing ships and our possible *future LCH replacement*
 
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