1967-India China bordar skirmish.

[dabrownguy]

Does anyone have some sources on 1967 and after bordar clashes? I read one in a magazine and I can't find much on the internet.

[Pathfinder-X]

The Chinese have two major claims on what India deems its own territory. One claim, in the western sector, is on Aksai Chin in the northeastern section of Ladakh District in Jammu and Kashmir. The other claim is in the eastern sector over a region included in the British-designated North-East Frontier Agency, the disputed part of which India renamed Arunachal Pradesh and made a state. In the fight over these areas, the well-trained and well-armed troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army overpowered the ill-equipped Indian troops, who had not been properly acclimatized to fighting at high altitudes.

Unable to reach political accommodation on disputed territory along the 3,225-kilometer-long Himalayan border, the Chinese attacked India on October 20, 1962. At the time, nine divisions from the eastern and western commands were deployed along the Himalayan border with China. None of these divisions was up to its full troop strength, and all were short of artillery, tanks, equipment, and even adequate articles of clothing.

In Ladakh the Chinese attacked south of the Karakoram Pass at the northwest end of the Aksai Chin Plateau and in the Pangong Lake area about 160 kilometers to the southeast. The defending Indian forces were easily ejected from their posts in the area of the Karakoram Pass and from most posts near Pangong Lake. However, they put up spirited resistance at the key posts of Daulat Beg Oldi (near the entrance to the pass) and Chushul (located immediately south of Pangong Lake and at the head of the vital supply road to Leh, a major town and location of an air force base in Ladakh). Other Chinese forces attacked near Demchok (about 160 kilometers southeast of Chusul) and rapidly overran the Demchok and the Jara La posts.

In the eastern sector, in Assam, the Chinese forces advanced easily despite Indian efforts at resistance. On the first day of the fighting, Indian forces stationed at the Tsang Le post on the northern side of the Namka Chu, the Khinzemane post, and near Dhola were overrun. On the western side of the North-East Frontier Agency, Tsang Dar fell on October 22, Bum La on October 23, and Tawang, the headquarters of the Seventh Infantry Brigade, on October 24. The Chinese made an offer to negotiate on October 24. The Indian government promptly rejected this offer.

With a lull in the fighting, the Indian military desperately sought to regroup its forces. Specifically, the army attempted to strengthen its defensive positions in the North-East Frontier Agency and Ladakh and to prepare against possible Chinese attacks through Sikkim and Bhutan. Army units were moved from Calcutta, Bihar, Nagaland, and Punjab to guard the northern frontiers of West Bengal and Assam. Three brigades were hastily positioned in the western part of the North-East Frontier Agency, and two other brigades were moved into Sikkim and near the West Bengal border with Bhutan to face the Chinese. Light Stuart tanks were drawn from the Eastern Command headquarters at Calcutta to bolster these deployments.

In the western sector, a divisional organization was established in Leh; several battalions of infantry, a battery of twenty-five-pounder guns, and two troops of AMX light tanks were airlifted into the Chushul area from Punjab. On November 4, the Indian military decided that the post at Daulat Beg Oldi was untenable, and its defenders were withdrawn over the 5,300-meter-high Sasar Brangsa Pass to a more defensible position.

The reinforcements and redeployments in Ladakh proved sufficient to defend the Chushul perimeter despite repeated Chinese attacks. However, the more remote posts at Rezang La and Gurung Hill and the four posts at Spanggur Lake area fell to the Chinese.

In the North-East Frontier Agency, the situation proved to be quite different. Indian forces counterattacked on November 13 and captured a hill northwest of the town of Walong. Concerted Chinese attacks dislodged them from this hard-won position, and the nearby garrison had to retreat down the Lohit Valley.

In another important section of the eastern sector, the Kameng Frontier Division, six Chinese brigades attacked across the Tawang Chu near Jang and advanced some sixteen kilometers to the southeast to attack Indian positions at Nurang, near Se La, on November 17. Despite the Indian attempt to regroup their forces at Se La, the Chinese continued their onslaught, wiping out virtually all Indian resistance in Kameng. By November 18, the Chinese had penetrated close to the outskirts of Tezpur, Assam, a major frontier town nearly fifty kilometers from the Assam-North-East Frontier Agency border.

The Chinese did not advance farther and on November 21 declared a unilateral cease-fire. They had accomplished all of their territorial objectives, and any attempt to press farther into the plains of Assam would have stretched their logistical capabilities and their lines of communication to a breaking point. By the time the fighting stopped, each side had lost 500 troops.

India considers recurring Sino-Indian border clashes a potential threat to its security. Since the war, each side continued to improve its military and logistics capabilities in the disputed regions. China has continued its occupation of the Aksai Chin area, through which it built a strategic highway linking Xizang and Xinjiang autonomous regions. China had a vital military interest in maintaining control over this region, whereas India's primary interest lay in Arunachal Pradesh, its state in the northeast bordering Xizang Autonomous Region.

In 1987, although India enjoyed air superiority, rough parity on the ground existed between the two military forces, which had a combined total of nearly 400,000 troops near the border. The Indian Army deployed eleven divisions in the region, backed up by paramilitary forces, whereas the PLA had fifteen divisions available for operations on the border. After a 1986 border clash and India's conversion of Arunachal Pradesh from union territory to state, tensions between China and India escalated. Both sides moved to reinforce their capabilities in the area, but neither ruled out further negotiations of their dispute. Most observers believe that the mountainous terrain, high-altitude climate, and concomitant logistic difficulties made it unlikely that a protracted or larges-cale conflict would erupt on the Sino-Indian border.

Negotiations since the 1962 Sino-Indian border war have taken place to resolve the conflicting border claims. After more than thirty years of border tension and stalemate, high-level bilateral talks were held in New Delhi starting in February 1994 to foster "confidence-building measures" between the defense forces of India and China, and a new period of better relations began.

Perhaps this article from Globalsecurity.org will answer some questions for you.

[SABRE]

The Chinese PM after the war said that they had no intentions of war. We went there (To India) for peaceful talk in we returned with an insult n threats. Apperently the war is said have been started when some one threw a stone from Indian side to Chinese. The Stone hit the head of a Chinese Soldier n Chinese replied it with a single builet fired towards Indian border. Than Indians opened all of their guns. (I dnt knw if its true or not)

Anyways recently Chinese President said tht they no longer hold interest in Aranchal Pardesh or what ever it is,this he said when Indian PM Vajpayee visited China but When Advani asked for the return of Ladakh land Chinese said tht part can only be given to Pakistan as that part holds contiguity with Kashmir n we support Pakistan on Kashmir. After that Advani has always been giving statements that to start peace talks Pakistan must ask back the PArt of Kashmir it gave to China (Chuen Li offered the land to FM Ayub Khan when he visited Pakistan after Indo-China war but Ayub Khan decided to let the Chinese keep the land untill Kashmir issue is solved.This is because Ladakh doesnt hold contiguity with Pakistan's land n it can also play importent role in Pak-China's Defence against India, which it did in 1965. China deployed its forces to distract Indian Soldiers stationed in Kashmir , this gave PAk army great support- the land is still with China untill the Kashmir exceeds to Pakistan).

Anyways the main point here is tht China says it dint have much interests in the land it took from India except few areas where Chinese were in majority. So I dnt realy see China making the first move. On the other hand India had been bothering China quite alot on Tibat issue n threatened to attack.

I dnt knw who started the war. All I knw Chinese won n I dnt even care abt that. There is a book written by a British Soldier who has written the entire event. I dnt knw the name, I ll ask some one than tell ya but I ve seen alot of articals related to Indo-China War on the net. try Searching on Yahoo, GooGle and altavista.

[Mr. Happyman]

Perhaps i am assuming too much but keep in mind Mao Zedong was in power at the time and i guess some of his expansionist tendencies might have begun the war. Who knows for sure maybe it was the Indians. All we know for sure was the outcome.

[mysterious]

I read somewhere too a couple of days back that threats from the Indian side made the Chinese lose their temper. Will try and search up the articles that I read. Until then dont want to make more comments cuz it might start up flames in here.

[berry580]

As far as I'm concerned, China wasn't the one who declared war.

What I heard was something like-

Both sides were in great tension, and China's leader's aim was to prevent war.
When the Indians had gathered their troops, the PLA troops were then ordered to retreat X km hoping to prevent the conflict and Indians took advantage of it and advanced, it happened again, and finally, the PLA was ordered to regain the territory the Indians advanced over.
The Chinese were winning in one battlefield, and losing in another side, and the Chinese ended up losing some land (like a land exchange, with loss).

[dabrownguy]

I believe the blame was on poor diplomacy. India and China did not have any relationships to begin with. No map exchanges etc...

[Pathfinder-X]

As far as I'm concerned, China wasn't the one who declared war.

What I heard was something like-

Both sides were in great tension, and China's leader's aim was to prevent war.
When the Indians had gathered their troops, the PLA troops were then ordered to retreat X km hoping to prevent the conflict and Indians took advantage of it and advanced, it happened again, and finally, the PLA was ordered to regain the territory the Indians advanced over.
The Chinese were winning in one battlefield, and losing in another side, and the Chinese ended up losing some land (like a land exchange, with loss).

Actually, China retreated because of their over stretched supply lines through the mountains. The reason for the Chinese victory was the India was not prepared, they didn't have enough equipment to begin with. China did not lose any land, it retreated back to where the they were before the skirmish. Casualties on both sides is about 500.

[dabrownguy]

You mean 5000 each.

[Pathfinder-X]

no I mean about 500 dead on each side, don't know the number of wounded.

[neel24neo]

Actually, China retreated because of their over stretched supply lines through the mountains. The reason for the Chinese victory was the India was not prepared, they didn't have enough equipment to begin with. China did not lose any land, it retreated back to where the they were before the skirmish. Casualties on both sides is about 500.

you are right pathfinder.india wasnt prepared for war.even when the chinese advanced,indian political leadership did not seriously think they were going to take over indian territory.remember the years before that were the days of panchasheel and voices of "hindi chini bhai bhai"(indians and chinese are brothers).indian leadership had given specific instructions to indian soldiers not to fire until fired upon.the reason for defeat is obvious,indians werent prepared to fight a war and strangely it is said that indian generals wanted the chinese to come down to the assam plains face off with them there.chinese never ventured that far.whatever territory they claimed,they had taken it by then.

[TRK]

But why did the Chinese took the Indian territories? On what bases did they said that the land belongs to China i.e. (The China Occupied Kashmir & Arunachal Pradesh). Please explain:confused:

Secondly now what is the situation? How are the territories divided?

[ajay_ijn]

But why did the Chinese took the Indian territories? On what bases did they said that the land belongs to China i.e. (The China Occupied Kashmir & Arunachal Pradesh). Please explain

Becoz they occupied in the war like the Tibet.
We can say that India was not in a position to wage a war against a Superior China in 1960's.
Even though position of India is much improved now,She lags behind China in many fields.
In my opinion we better maintain Strict Neutrality with them in the future too.
India Shouldn't be too Close nor we must be aggressive with them.
India must better Avoid China till the worst Case(Nuke war) Situation Comes.

Secondly now what is the situation? How are the territories divided?
Situation is still not resolved till now,Even in the recent times China Claims Sikkim as their Terrority.Already they have parts of Kashmir,Arunachal Pradesh.
That is why Indian Military buyz and develops Weapons that are Chinese Specific.
Weapons like Agni-II,ATV,H-bombs etc many like that are to counter China.

Indian Govt is not seriously trying to resolve border Conflict.Instead India wants to have better Trade relations.
Indo-China Trade is more than 1.2 Billion Dollars per year and likely to increase much in the future.
In my City,I see many Shopping centers named China Bazaar.Chinese goods offered at much lower cost than Indian one.

The Worst Strategic Scenario for India would be, In the Future if India has Some Conflict with Pakistan then India's biggest fear would be attack from China.
So India needs to divert Considerable Military Resources against China though the Actual Conflict is with Pakistan.
However with all three becoming Nuke Capable,That Situation is unlikely to Occur.

Recent news Indian Army Chief Visted China.


http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-12/28/xin_25120128143813295809.jpg

Good to see Indian Chief and Chinese deputy Chief together Saluting.
This shows now both have Small Amount of Army Cooperation.

Another news Says India to hold first Strategic Dialogue with China on Jan 24.

This Kind of Realtionship would be perfect and must be maintained in future too.

[Rolex]

Even in the recent times China Claims Sikkim as their Terrority.Already they have parts of Kashmir,Arunachal Pradesh.
Indian Govt is not seriously trying to resolve border Conflict.Instead India wants to have better Trade relations.

During the BJP rule, there were progress in the border dispute, India accepted chinese position in tibet and china accepted sikkim as an integral part of India...
The other issues will be solved soon... India is with a proposal 'askai chin for arunachal pradesh'... Which is impressive coz Askai chin is not of much use for India but for the chinese it is very important coz it connects its eastern province(some X.....G) with the other areas., There is a highway through askai chin connecting the areas.,
And arunachal pradesh has been declared a state by the indian government and the chinese are not much interested in it(IMO)

[Rolex]

Even in the recent times China Claims Sikkim as their Terrority.Already they have parts of Kashmir,Arunachal Pradesh.
Indian Govt is not seriously trying to resolve border Conflict.Instead India wants to have better Trade relations.

During the BJP rule, there were progress in the border dispute, India accepted chinese position in tibet and china accepted sikkim as an integral part of India...
The other issues will be solved soon... India is with a proposal 'askai chin for arunachal pradesh'... Which is impressive coz Askai chin is not of much use for India but for the chinese it is very important coz it connects its eastern province(some X.....G) with the other areas., There is a highway through askai chin connecting the areas.,
And arunachal pradesh has been declared a state by the indian government and the chinese are not much interested in it(IMO)
And guys.. the topic is 1967 skirmish!! and we discuss about the 1962 war all the time... What happened in 1967??

[fockewulf190]

hi guys... there was another border skirmish, I donno the exact time but was during the early 80s.. where the indian army retaliated wit whatever they got..which include heavy mountain guns. I thried to scerch in the internet but I cannot find any link wit a good description... can any one share a light on it????
please

[vrus]

Check this out !!! :-

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1111584.cms?headline=Exclusive:~Chinese~army~enter s~into~Indian~territory

Mistake or pre-meditated ?

[mysterious]

Hey! Where are the Mods? As far as I know, this forum has banned discussion being taken to the track of political discussions! As far as I can see, this thread hasn't even come close to discussing the military aspects of the Indo-China war but has only dragged itself on the basis of political slurs by supporters of either side! People are still quarelling over who owns what part of land when that type of discussion is already banned here at DT. So people! Discuss the military aspects of the war and issues that orginiated and/or were the cause and what not. If that is too much to ask of you guys, I'd urge the Admin people to show some tough love in here!

[highsea]

Take it easy Myst, there are no problems here. This is the military history forum, the topic is allowed. I haven't seen any flaming or posturing going on, but I agree with you that there hasn't been much discussion on the 1967 clash.

Vrus- don't post links without comment. If you want to tie in the recent incursion with the topic, go ahead, but give us your reasons for including it, don't just go "Hey looky here!"

Carry on, but try to stick to the topic. :)

[fockewulf190]

well Vrus that not the one I mean, I am intrested in the History, It was during the time of Indira Gandhi if I am correct..... and the place name starts wit 'S'... but I don't know which province on India it is. I really would like to know.

Mysterious... hi, I am just intrested in the facts thats all, am not trying to inflame anyone.

[highsea]

well Vrus that not the one I mean, I am intrested in the History, It was during the time of Indira Gandhi if I am correct..... and the place name starts wit 'S'... but I don't know which province on India it is. I really would like to know.fockewulf, is this what you are looking for?

http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/natarajan.html

And here:

"Sumdorong Cho Valley incident of 1985

...Six and half years later, Deng decided to flex China’s muscles again with India. In mid-1986, it came to the notice of India that the PLA had built a helipad at Wandung in Sumdorong Chu Valley in Arunachal Pradesh. India reacted swiftly and the PLA had an eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation with the India Army in Sumdorong Chu Valley of Arunchal Pradesh in August 1986. After a week of tense moments both sides mutually agreed to withdraw their forces inside their respective territories and create a no man’s land. The Chinese posture at that time clearly indicated that Beijing quickly realised that 1962 cannot be repeated. Afterwards, we saw some writings in the PLA’s official organ, Liberation Army Daily, about the professionalism the Indian armed forces."

http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41065.htm

[fockewulf190]

yeah thanks you very much.
high sea
Regards

[Salman78]

I heard this from someone who was following up the tensions during 1962 india/china clash. To humiliate chineese govt, indian govt hearded some sheeps in front of chineese embassy in delhi. that was the turning point and end of chineese patience. for india, it all went south from there.

[abhaystgy]

India would have started the fight only if it was well equiped but the outcome of the war was a defeat for it. So i don't think India had started that war. Please note that i am not saying this as i am Indian, I am saying whatever i think is right.

[aaaditya]

the reason why china attacked india was because india provided asylum for dalai lama and his followers at dharmashala,also there was a border dispute between india and china regarding tawang in arunachal pradesh.

[ever4244]

I m a chinese student in Beijing, from what i hear from my history teacher (which i cant confirm ), that the seed of crisis is originally bury by Britsh who invade china during the opium wars. and occupied some chinese territory in tibet ,but from qing dynasty to ROC to PRC ,none of the goverment tolerate the occupation . shortly before the independence fo india ,a british official mark the so caller sino-india border by simply make a tour and draw a curve on map, which takes a lot of chinese territory , and that border even british themselves has never formally proclaim till now .however after the beloved Gandhi dead, his successor Niheru(i don t know how to spell) take the border as granted ,and thus came the conflict . At that time no chinese has ever thought about wielding weapon to indian for all the people influenced by official publicization recognise india as best friends of china. Just pay a little thought now ,you can figure out china was not willing to confront india,for the interational environment was too bad for us then to introduce a new enemy--------US and Soviet is enough ruin us. india is the only strong friend left , however , even though the chinese outpost has retreat back to chinaside time and time again to avoid comflict, the indian just advance their outpost right behind us and pierce deep into chinese domain , so the headquartor dicide not to retreat anymore and surely the comflict spark .
what i post is just a translation work for what my teacher told me, so i can t say china is right and india is wrong for i don t know indian s vision .and i hope there is no more such comflict for it is not accord to china s national benefit which is reunion TaiWan and developing the economy and personally i wish one day china can be democratic country

[aaaditya]

I m a chinese student in Beijing, from what i hear from my history teacher (which i cant confirm ), that the seed of crisis is originally bury by Britsh who invade china during the opium wars. and occupied some chinese territory in tibet ,but from qing dynasty to ROC to PRC ,none of the goverment tolerate the occupation . shortly before the independence fo india ,a british official mark the so caller sino-india border by simply make a tour and draw a curve on map, which takes a lot of chinese territory , and that border even british themselves has never formally proclaim till now .however after the beloved Gandhi dead, his successor Niheru(i don t know how to spell) take the border as granted ,and thus came the conflict . At that time no chinese has ever thought about wielding weapon to indian for all the people influenced by official publicization recognise india as best friends of china. Just pay a little thought now ,you can figure out china was not willing to confront india,for the interational environment was too bad for us then to introduce a new enemy--------US and Soviet is enough ruin us. india is the only strong friend left , however , even though the chinese outpost has retreat back to chinaside time and time again to avoid comflict, the indian just advance their outpost right behind us and pierce deep into chinese domain , so the headquartor dicide not to retreat anymore and surely the comflict spark .
what i post is just a translation work for what my teacher told me, so i can t say china is right and india is wrong for i don t know indian s vision .and i hope there is no more such comflict for it is not accord to china s national benefit which is reunion TaiWan and developing the economy and personally i wish one day china can be democratic country

nehru was a peace loving person and a great friend of china ,he wanted a very close relationship between india and china,however he was also friendly with the dalai lama and offered asylum to him and the tibetan refugees in india ,this soured the relationships between indian and china ,this is still the contentious issue between india and china.

[aaaditya]

hi guys... there was another border skirmish, I donno the exact time but was during the early 80s.. where the indian army retaliated wit whatever they got..which include heavy mountain guns. I thried to scerch in the internet but I cannot find any link wit a good description... can any one share a light on it????
please

i believe you are referring to the chola rock incident,you can get a detailed article on it from www.bharat-rakshak.com (http://www.bharat-rakshak.com)

[aaaditya]

during the indo-china war the chinese army had a definite dvantage over the indian army in terms of manpower and equipment,however indian airforce was superior to the chinese airforce,since the chinese did not have many airfields in the tibetan plateau as compared to the number of airfields india had in the north east,also chinese planes were not capable of operating from the high altitude airbases of the tibetan plateau with full weapon and fuel load and hence suffered from inadequate range and firepower,indian airforce did not suffer from such limitations,i believe it was the greatest blunder by nehru not to use the airforce ,i guess he overestimated chinese airforce.

[eklektos]

do you mean the 1962 Sino-Indian War? Anyways, wikipedia has a very good non-biased history of this war:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_War

Also, a bunch of officers in the Indian army compiled the Henderson Brooks-Bhagat Report which was an analysis of the Sino-Indian war. Unfortunately, this report is classified because it is quite critical of both the Indian political and military structure.

However, Neville Maxwell, who studied the war in depth was able to piece together much of this report together. You can read Maxwell's article here:
http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/oct/08max1.htm

Here is an excerpt from the aforementioned article:

In the article that follows, Indians will be shocked to discover that, when China crushed India in 1962, the fault lay at India, or more specifically, at Jawaharlal Nehru and his clique's doorsteps. It was a hopelessly ill-prepared Indian Army that provoked China on orders emanating from Delhi, and paid the price for its misadventure in men, money and national humiliation.

[eklektos]

oops, this thread is about a skirmish that took place in 1967. My bad - never knew about this.

[bonita.h]

the borber problem between India and China stems from the colonialism of british empire in 19th century and the early of 20th . that's the deep root,as well as that for the Palestine problem,and the conflict between India and Pakistan.

[siddhart_basu]

British always kept the Tibet as a cushion from Chinese inavation. For British It was very important because their relation with china was not good. and when sir mac mohan drew the border between Tibet china and India He did not consider the protest from Chinese envoys ..so it kept lingering mean time Mao Zedong took over china and then Tibet. The Tibet was always culturally and politically a different nation yet it was always with chinese in several other aspects. Only in the times of British it was not influenced by Chinese this continued .But army of Mao zedang was preparing since 1950 for the war if not for a conflict with Indian side .they had sent their spy's in the Indian Boarder road building company..they had trained Tibetans as well Chinese in Hindi translational every thing was done very accurately..they had built roads and all other supply lines and it was perfect. But on Indian side The grt Nehru was building his international reputation by shanti mantra.( peace chants) he was neglecting the armed forces so much that he would never talk to chief of armed forces with respect. He always felt that army has a tendency to over throw elected governments ..He had Churchill in his mind who was a great diplomat and the winner of world war 2 and was famous for his diplomacy What Nehru missed was his ability to keep freedom for armed forces in their own management by not letting political bureaucracy interfere with forces of war..The Indian side soldiers weren't heaving even the right mountain war fare equipments so much that even they dint have snow goggles..You can imagine the condition they dint have proper food supply they dint even had the armaments and ammunitions Probably even supply of high quality swords would make much differences .No one for Chinese radio massage translation .forget it The defense minister Krishn menon dint even heed to the advices of the Sam Manek shaw who was a grt soldier of our country( at that point he was of the strong opinion that India must engage Chinese in diplomacy till some minimum preparations) ..and since he would not oblige the fraudulent man who was dear and nearer to Nehru BM koul was made the chief of the Indian armed forces Yet Chinese weren't thinking of attacking Indian side .They requested Indians to come to Dialog various times .This was thought as weakness by Nehru to make things worst Dali lama was given shelter in India and no proper diplomacy was carried out to make Chinese understand the inevitable situation To make Indian heed Chinese started marching in to Twang and Nathula .Nehru the greatest man who ruined our country ( except for established IITs) for his fame asked to take stern action and to teach Chinese a lesson The non sense BM koul Immediately assured Nehru and brought his forward post policy..He asked his commanders initiate a forward post in Nathul;a and Tawang .And even after lot of warning form his subordinates about such foolish act he dint pay attention .and this policy of forward post made all difference Now Chinese wanted to teach ( Though teaching has cost Chinese a lot in Vietnam Cambodia etc ) Indians who were not even the match to todays Mumbai police in its arms were forced to a war ( it was not a war simply people were posted to be massacred ) Even then there were chances to hold Chinese at bay( for even Chinese weren't heaving latest arms just that they had war hardened Veterans) The Indian commanders asked for tactical withdrawal which BM koul promptly rejected who was then holidaying in Kashmir ( AND TILL HE WAS REMOVED HE STAYED HOLIDAYING) and said no one will leave the post ..rest is known to every one ...one complete Raj put brigade( not in its full capacity) was destroyed who were holding the Nathula till their last drop of Blood only Sir Jan P Dalvi ( the then brigedier who was posted just at the time of war) was lived to tell the story because he was taken as POW by chinese And its here that Chinese faced their maximum casualty .

[gf0012-aust]

All.

Break up your responses into readable and user friendly english. Slabs of typing is unacceptable.

I am closing the thread so that siddhart_basu can re-edit their contribution. It will be re-opened after the edit has been made.

If it's not re-edited, it will be deleted. 48hrs to achieve this.